Description: HAZUS generally defined buildings as experiencing moderate structural damage when there are visible large cracks in walls, beams, and columns, and possible weld cracking in some building types. Moderately damaged hospitals may require major repairs before the building is usable as intended. HAZUS estimates of moderate or greater structural damage do not account for nonstructural damage such as damage to partition walls, suspended ceilings, exterior panels, electrical-mechanical equipment, piping, ducts, and parapets. (Taken from, or based upon, the HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical User’s Manual: Earthquake Model. For further information, refer to the manual.)The hospitals shown here were added to the default HAZUS-MH MR4 essential facilities database using data from the 2007 Homeland Security Infrastructure Program (HSIP). In the cases of missing information from HSIP, default HAZUS values were substituted.
Description: HAZUS defined buildings as experiencing moderate structural damage when there are visible large cracks in walls, beams, and columns, and possible weld cracking in some building types. Moderately damaged buildings may require major repairs before the building is usable as intended. HAZUS estimates of moderate or greater structural damage do not account for nonstructural damage such as damage to partition walls, suspended ceilings, exterior panels, electrical-mechanical equipment, piping, ducts, and parapets. (Taken from, or based upon, the HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical User’s Manual: Earthquake Model. For further information, refer to the manual.)
Description: Fire station damage shown here is based upon HAZUS-MH MR4 estimates of the probability of at least moderate structural damage. The facilities shown in blue are estimated to have less than a 20% probability of moderate or greater structural damage. The facilities shown in yellow are estimated to have a 20-60% probability of moderate or greater structural damage. The facilities shown in red are estimated to have over a 60% probability of moderate or greater structural damage. Click on individual facilities to see more detailed estimates on the probability of each damage state.
Description: HAZUS defines moderate oil refinery damage as malfunction of the plant for a week or so due to loss of electric power and backup power, if any, extensive damage to various equipment, or considerable damage to tanks. HAZUS defines extensive damage to oil refineries as tanks being extensively damaged, or stacks collapsing. Complete damage is defined as failure of all elevated pipes, or collapse of tanks. (Based upon the HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical User’s Manual: Earthquake Model. For further information, refer to the manual.)
Description: HAZUS-MH MR4 defines natural gas compressor station damage as moderate when there is considerable damage to mechanical and electrical equipment, or considerable damage to buildings. Extensive damage is defined as the building being extensively damaged, or the pumps badly damaged beyond repair. Complete damage to compressor stations is defined by complete building damage. (Taken from the HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical User’s Manual: Earthquake Model. For further information, refer to the manual.)
Description: HAZUS-MH MR4 defined port damage as moderate when waterfront structures experience considerable ground settlement with several piles getting broken and damaged; when cranes/cargo handling equipment experiences derailment and some repair is required, and when warehouses experience moderate building damage. Port data shown are provided by HAZUS-MH MR4 and based upon the US Army Corps of Engineers Ports dataset obtained from Research and Innovative Technology Administration's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (RITA/BTS). (Taken from the HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical User’s Manual: Earthquake Model. For further information, refer to the manual.)
Description: Highway bridge data are drawn from the National Highway Planning Network (NHPN) 2005, produced by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).Click on individual highway bridges to see more detailed estimates on the probability of each damage state.
Description: Railway bridge data show are provided by HAZUS-MH MR4 and based upon the National Rail Network database, obtained from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (US Department of Transportation). (Taken from the HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical User’s Manual: Earthquake Model. For further information, refer to the manual.)
Description: The damage shown here is based upon HAZUS-MH MR4 estimates of the probability of at least moderate damage to electrical power generation facilities. The electric power generation plants shown in blue are estimated to have less than a 20% probability of moderate or greater damage. The facilities shown in yellow are estimated to have a 20-60% probability of moderate or greater damage. The facilities shown in red are estimated to have over a 60% probability of moderate or greater damage. Click on individual electric power generation plants to see more detailed estimates on the probability of each damage state.
Description: HAZUS-MH MR4 defines waste water treatment plant damage as moderate when is defined by malfunction of plant for about a week due to loss of electric power and backup power if any, extensive damage to various equipment, considerable damage to sedimentation basins, considerable damage to chlorination tanks with no loss of contents, or considerable damage to chemical tanks. (Taken from the HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical User’s Manual: Earthquake Model. For further information, refer to the manual.)
Description: Railway line data shown are provided by HAZUS-MH MR4 and based upon the National Rail Network database, obtained from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (US Department of Transportation).
Description: Injuries and casualties are calculated at the census track level, and aggregated to the county level. Estimates were based upon the 2000 United States Census. The injuries and fatalities shown in this layer are those directly related to damage caused by earthquake shaking. Casualties from induced hazard events -- such as fire following earthquake, hazardous materials releases, and inundations (tsunamis, dam failures, levee failures and seiches) -- are NOT included in this estimation. When this layer is turned on, click on any area of the map to view the number of injuries and fatalities at each severity level for the census track and the county as a whole.
Description: When this layer is turned on, click on any area of the map to view the number of displaced households and individuals needing short-term shelter. These estimates are provided for the individual census track clicked, and the county as a whole. In HAZUS-MH MR4, loss of habitability is calculated directly from damage to the residential occupancy inventory, and from loss of water and power. The methodology for calculating short term shelter requirements recognizes that only a portion of those displaced from their homes will seek public shelter, and some will seek shelter even though their residence may have no or insignificant damage. Households may also be displaced as result of fire following earthquake, inundation (or the threat of inundation) due to dam failure, and by significant hazardous waste releases. This module does not specifically deal with these issues, but an approximate estimate of displacement due to fire or inundation can be obtained by multiplying the residential inventory in affected census tracts by the areas of fire damage or inundation derived from those modules. The hazardous materials module is confined to identifying locations of hazardous materials and no methodology for calculations of damage or loss is provided. If the particular characteristics of the study region give the user cause for concern about the possibility of housing loss from fire, dam failure, or hazardous materials, it would be advisable to initiate specific studies directed towards the problem. (Taken from the HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical User’s Manual: Earthquake Model. For further information, refer to the manual.)
Description: The default inventory in HAZUS-MH MR4 contains estimate of potable water pipelines aggregated at the census tract level. This pipeline data was developed using the US Census TIGER street file datasets. By default, HAZUS-MH MR4 assumes eighty (80) percent of the pipes are brittle. The remaining pipes are assumed to be ductile. HAZUS-MH MR4 calculates expected number of leaks and breaks per census tract and a simplified evaluation of the potable water system network performance (i.e. number of households without water). (Based upon the HAZUS-MH MR4 Technical User’s Manual: Earthquake Model. For further information, refer to the manual.)When this layer is turned on, click on any area of the map to view the estimated number of households without water, day 1 of the earthquake. Click on any county to see the number of households without water, number of persons in need of water, and number of gallons needed per day for that county.
Description: When this layer is turned on, click on any area of the map to view the total population, occupied housing units, number of businesses, and number of employees exposed to each shaking intensity. These estimates are provided for the county clicked.The Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale is a seismic scale used for measuring the intensity of an earthquake. It measures the effects of an earthquake on the earth’s surface, humans, objects in nature, and the building environment. The scale ranges from 1 (not felt) to 12 (total destruction), often expressed as Roman numerals I through XII. Following is a detailed description of MMI shaking intensity levels: MMI 4: Vibration felt like passing of heavy trucks. Stopped cars rock. Hanging objects swing. Windows, dishes, doors rattle. glasses clink. In the upper range of IV, wooden walls and frames creak. MMI 5: Pictures move. Felt outdoors. Sleepers wakened. Liquids disturbed, some spilled. Small unstable objects displaced or upset. Doors swing. Pictures move. Pendulum clocks stop. MMI 6: Objects fall. Felt by all. People walk unsteadily. Many frightened. Windows crack. Dishes, glassware, knickknacks, and books fall off shelves. Pictures off walls. Furniture moved or overturned. Weak plaster, adobe buildings, and some poorly built masonry buildings cracked. Trees and bushes shake visibly. MMI 7: Nonstructural damage. Difficult to stand or walk. Noticed by drivers of cars. Furniture broken. Damage to poorly built masonry buildings. Weak chimneys broken at roof line. Fall of plaster, loose bricks, stones, tiles, cornices, unbraced parapets and porches. Some cracks in better masonry buildings. Waves on ponds. MMI 8: Moderate damage. Steering of cars affected. Extensive damage to unreinforced masonry buildings, including partial collapse. Fall of some masonry walls. Twisting, falling of chimneys and monuments. Wood-frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted; loose partition walls thrown out. Tree branches broken. (MMI descriptions taken from quake.abag.ca.gov/shaking/mmi/plaintext/.)